Imaging Structure Emitter Configurations

ABSTRACT

In embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations, an imaging structure includes a silicon backplane with a driver pad array. The embedded light sources are formed on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer, and the embedded light sources can be individually controlled at the driver pad array to generate and emit light. The embedded light sources are configured in multiple rows for scanning by an imaging unit to generate a scanned image for display.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/397,617 filed Feb. 15, 2012 entitled “Imaging Structure Emitter Configurations”, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality can be viewed as a computer-generated simulated environment in which a user has an apparent physical presence. A virtual reality experience can be generated in 3D and viewed with a head-mounted display (HMD), such as glasses or other wearable display device that has near-eye display panels as lenses to display a virtual reality environment, which replaces the actual environment. Augmented reality, however, provides that a user can still see through the display lenses of the glasses or other wearable display device to view the surrounding environment, yet also see images of virtual objects that are generated for display and appear as a part of the environment. Augmented reality can include any type of input such as audio and haptic inputs, as well as virtual images, graphics, and video that enhances or augments the environment that a user experiences. As an emerging technology, there are many challenges and design constraints with augmented reality, from generation of the virtual objects and images so that they appear realistic in a real environment, to developing the optics small and precise enough for implementation with a wearable display device. There are also challenges to developing illumination sources for implementation as micro projectors and/or imaging units for wearable display devices.

Conventional LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon) projection technologies use an LED (light emitting diode) or laser source to generate light that is reflected off of a silicon transistor array covered by an LCD (liquid crystal display) material to either reflect and/or change the polarization of the light. The LCOS reflective technology uses liquid crystals instead of individual DLP (digital light processing) mirrors. The liquid crystals are applied to a reflective mirror substrate and, as the liquid crystals open and close, the light is either reflected from the mirror below or blocked to modulate the emitted light. LCOS-based projectors typically use three LCOS chips, one each to modulate the red, green, and blue (RGB) components of the light. Similar to an LCD projector which uses three LCD panels, both LCOS and LCD projectors simultaneously project the red, green, and blue components of the light, such as for display on a display screen. A conventional display technology utilizes OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes) that generate light when current is applied through layers of the organic material. Although OLED cells can be individually controlled for illumination, unlike the LCOS material, the OLEDs are not viable for projection illumination because they do not emit enough light.

Some conventional LED array scanning systems for display technologies that have large optical systems are typically too large and complex to be implemented in imaging units for wearable display devices. Limitations of the current technology include the ability to modulate emitters in sequence in a scanning system, which can result in a slow refresh rate, a blurred image quality, and/or limited color depth. Another limitation of conventional LED array scanning systems is the relatively larger pitch between the LED emitters, which results in a larger optical system with size and weight barriers to implementation in a consumer HMD product. The light that is emitted for LED array scanning is moved across a surface, such as via a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) mirror, LC scanner, or by moving optics. However, the light efficiency of each emitter can vary based on production and material variances, bonding issues, connectivity issues, driver variance, micro-optics, color conversion variance, temperature, and/or optic differences across the surface.

SUMMARY

This Summary introduces simplified concepts of imaging structure emitter configurations, and the concepts are further described below in the Detailed Description and/or shown in the Figures. This Summary should not be considered to describe essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor used to determine or limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Imaging structure emitter configurations are described. In embodiments, an imaging structure includes a silicon backplane with a driver pad array. The embedded light sources are formed on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer, and the embedded light sources can be individually controlled at the driver pad array to generate and emit light. The embedded light sources are configured in multiple rows for scanning by an imaging unit to generate a scanned image for display.

In other embodiments, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources in the imaging structure can be configured in two rows of green embedded light sources, two rows of red embedded light sources, and two rows of blue embedded light sources. The two rows of the green, red, and blue embedded light sources provide for increased scanning speed of the imaging unit, or for decreased heat generation of a direct emitter in the imaging structure. Alternatively, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources can be configured in a first row of green embedded light sources, and a second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources. The green embedded light sources generate the luminance data for a scanned image, and the alternating red and blue embedded light sources generate the chroma data for the scanned image. Alternatively, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources can include a first set of the embedded light sources offset from a second set of the embedded light sources.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations are described with reference to the following Figures. The same numbers may be used throughout to reference like features and components that are shown in the Figures:

FIG. 1 illustrates examples of imaging structures with embedded light sources in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates examples of the imaging structures with various configurations of the embedded light sources in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example system in which embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations can be implemented.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example system that includes an example of a wearable display device in which embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations can be implemented.

FIG. 5 illustrates example method(s) of imaging structure emitter configurations in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates various components of an example device that can implement embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations are described. An imaging structure can be formed in inorganic material and implemented for individual cell control (e.g., individual pixel control), where each cell is a direct emitter designed to emit a bright output of light that can be used for a number of optical solutions, such as with light guides, free form optics, and/or direct projection. For example, light that is emitted from the embedded light sources (e.g., RGB iLEDs or lasers) can be reflected through a micro lens optic and then directed in an imaging system of a wearable display device (e.g., glasses or a head-mounted display), such as reflected off of a MEMS mirror and then directed into a waveguide or otherwise projected.

In embodiments, implementations of the imaging structure emits light that can be utilized for waveguide, projection, and/or free form optics solutions. In embodiments, an imaging structure with embedded light sources provides several benefits over conventional techniques, such as reduced power consumption, which may be as little as one-sixth of conventional solutions due in part to independent pixel control. Other benefits include the smaller size of the imaging structure because the imager and light source are implemented as one structure, and improved quality of image due to a strong reduction of stray light, such as may be seen with traditional LCOS solutions.

In embodiments, an imaging structure can include one of various configurations of multiple rows of the embedded light sources. For example, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources in an imaging structure can be configured in two rows each of green, red, and blue embedded light sources. Alternatively, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources can be configured in a first row of green embedded light sources, and a second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources. Alternatively, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources can include a first set of the embedded light sources offset from a second set of the embedded light sources. Further, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources can be interleaving to increase the resolution without having to increase the pitch.

While features and concepts of imaging structure emitter configurations can be implemented in any number of different devices, systems, environments, and/or configurations, embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations are described in the context of the following example devices, systems, and methods.

FIG. 1 illustrates examples 100 of an imaging structure with embedded light sources in accordance with one or more embodiments. An imaging structure 102, similar to a transistor array, has material layers that form the embedded light sources 104 of the imaging structure to directly emit light. For example, inorganic LED (iLED) material can be utilized that produces greater luminescence than typical OLED micro-display solutions which are principally limited to low light scenarios. In this example, the imaging structure 102 is constructed with a silicon backplane layer 106, a driver pad array 108, an emitter material layer 110, and a conductive material layer 112 that may be implemented as a common layer or pixel specific layer that is transparent, a ground plane, a metal layer, a power conductive layer, and/or as another type of material or configuration of materials.

The embedded light sources 104 are formed as individual emitters on the driver pad array in the emitter material layer, and the embedded light sources can be individually controlled at the driver pad array. The emitter material layer 110 can include a reflective structure 114, such as formed in a reflective array that is embedded or etched, for LED pixel isolation and reflective collection of photons (e.g., pseudo parabolic collection) towards an ideal light exit plane. The emitter material layer includes the reflective structure 114 to reflect the light to exit the individual direct emitters. Alternatively or in addition to the reflective structure 114, the imaging structure 102 can include other techniques, such as pyramid and/or cylindrical structures, to improve the optical extraction of the light. Implementations of color conversion may also be applied to the surfaces of the reflective, pyramid, and/or cylindrical structures.

The conductive material layer 112 can be formed with a rough surface 116 that is designed to allow more light emission out from the emitter material layer rather than be reflected or dispersed. Additionally, the material used to form the conductive material layer 112 can be formed around the sides of the individual LED zones. In embodiments, a p-n junction 118 is formed between the emitter material layer 110 and the conductive material layer, where one of the emitter material layer or the conductive material layer is a p-type semiconductor and the other is an n-type semiconductor. The conductive material layer 112 can be implemented as a transparent, common ground plane at the top of the imaging structure for electron flow through the p-n junction 118 as a transparent conductor. Alternatively, two separate layers with an insulation layer can be implemented to allow reflection on a lower layer with no connectivity, and allow reflection on an upper layer with connectivity.

In the imaging structure 102, multiple points between the p-type and the n-type semiconductor materials can be connected (e.g., strapped) for overall efficiency and to improve conductance. The imaging structure is unique for LEDs in that light is not emitted over the whole surface of the imaging structure. For micro-lens efficiency, point source emission can be implemented, and the emitting area can be well under 50% (e.g., such as 10%). Accordingly, the conductive material layer 112 may not be implemented as transparent conductor material, but rather as metal around the emitting area to strap down the p-type material to ground. Alternatively or in addition, TSV-like channels can be utilized to the top of the p-type material for either a pixel driver or for ground. When the structures are implemented as diodes, and depending on which way the p-n junction is layered and how the ground and active are wired, various configurations can be implemented.

In embodiments, the imaging structure 102 can be implemented as inorganic LEDs (iLEDs) on the silicon backplane layer 106 to drive line-scanned or pico-projection devices without using an additional LCOS imager. The imaging structure is also implemented for per-pixel color illumination (rather than full-display) for illumination efficiency and minimal light loss. The imaging structure 102 can be implemented with red, green, and/or blue (RGB) embedded light sources, such as lasers or LEDs, in various one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or n-dimensional arrays, structures, and configurations.

For example, a 1D array imaging structure 120 is formed with red 122, green 124, and blue 126 embedded light sources (e.g., iLEDs or lasers) that are formed with different materials for each different color. In another example, a 2D array imaging structure 128 is formed with two each RGB embedded light sources, and as indicated, may include additional embedded light sources along an X and/or Y axis of the 2D array. In implementations, a 2D array of embedded light sources can include a blue array from blue LED material, a red array from red LED material, and a green array from green LED material. In other embodiments, the imaging structure 102 can be formed as base structure with one material in a single color, such as blue, and then a color conversion layer can be utilized over the imaging structure to convert green and red from the blue base.

The silicon backplane layer 106 of the imaging structure 102 receives serial or parallel data which is used to drive associated pixels, such as for example, at speeds of 30 Hz to 60 Hz, or at faster frame rates. In alternate configurations, the imaging structure 102 may be implemented without the silicon backplane layer 106, in which case the embedded light sources can be initiate passively with data and select lines, such as driver by line driver chips (similar to those used in display devices, for example). In a 1D configuration (e.g., the 1D array imaging structure 120), an image is generated over time by driving a line of pixels an x-number of times per frame. Alternatively, sets of lines can be driven to generate a frame of an image, or entire frames of the image, at one time. Any of the various arrays and configurations can be selected based on intended light levels, timing to scan lines, and illumination efficiency.

Each of the embedded light sources can be individually controlled by the driver pad array 108 (also referred to as the control plane), and can be illuminated in a variety of patterns based on analog, current modulation, pulse-width modulation (PWM), and/or based on specific time and power parameters. The iLED or laser arrays then generate either multiple colors (1D×RGB or 2D×RGB) or single color (UV or blue) with additional color conversion layers, which may include a layer of Quantum Dots (QDs). An additional, optional layer or set of layers can be implemented to leverage LC (liquid crystal) materials to direct, redirect, and/or focus the light that is emitted from the imaging structure array. In embodiments, the embedded light sources are implemented as lasers with a surface emitting laser array or a VCSEL (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser). An example implementation may include LED material in the center of multiple Bragg reflective layers at one-quarter wavelength apart, and the LEDs create the initial photons that lase in a chamber formed by the Bragg layers.

The driver pad array 108 is implemented for current-based modulation (rather than a voltage-based LCOS) to drive the individual embedded light sources, such as iLEDs or lasers (rather than previously utilized LC material). The driver pad array 108 can have exposed metal pads to directly drive the LED array electrically (e.g., a current-based LED drive) and optically (e.g., an exposed metal pad utilized as a reflector). The connections from the driver pad array 108 to the emitter material layer 110 can be implemented by various techniques, such as TSV (through-silicon via), as deposited material, or layered 1D or 2D iLED structures on top of the control plane (e.g., the driver pad array 108), where the pixels are the rows or grids of the iLEDs. These connections allow control of voltage and/or current for controlling light illumination from the imaging structure array.

An example imaging structure 130 can be implemented as a fault tolerant array used to avoid yield loss of illumination when single pixel zones fail. The imaging structure 130 is formed as an array of nine embedded light sources (e.g., iLEDs) in three sections, with three red 132, three green 134, and three blue 136 embedded light sources. After production, a test can be used to determine weak or faulty light source sectors, which can then be marked for non-use in a final LED scan controller. Additionally, if one embedded light source of a section fails, the illumination intensity of the other two embedded light sources in the section can be increased, such as with gamma correction for non-linear illumination, to calibrate for the failed light source.

Other imaging structure configurations can also be utilized as a fault tolerant array, such as with two pixels per sub-pixel (e.g., an array of six embedded light sources with two red, two green, and two blue embedded light sources), or an array of embedded light sources with more than three pixels per color. Other imaging structure configurations can be implemented with multiple sets of LED arrays that are positioned, or otherwise fit, extremely close to one another to avoid having multiple LEDs per pixel. Any number of configuration patterns are also possible, such as a 2D array, four square blocks, a 2×4 configuration, or any other n×m configuration that allows for smaller array yields.

FIG. 2 illustrates examples 200 of embedded light source configurations implemented in various imaging structures, such as the imaging structures described with reference to FIG. 1. An LED scanning projection system can include a linear array of LED emitters, and a single axis mirror sweeps this linear array in one dimension to form a 2D displayed image. The field of view in the scan direction is determined by the range of motion of the scanning mirror, and the resolution in the scanning direction is determined by the modulation of the LEDs during the scanning motion. In the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, the field of view is determined by the length of the LED array and the focal length of the projection optics. The resolution is determined by the pitch of the emitters. An LED scanning projection system may be monochrome, color, and can also include infra-red (IR) illumination.

An example imaging structure 202 has multiple rows of embedded light sources (e.g., LEDs or lasers as direct emitters) in each wavelength (e.g., RGB), such as for use in a scanning system. For example, the imaging structure includes two rows of green embedded light sources 204, two rows of blue embedded light sources 206, and two rows of red embedded light sources 208. Although only two rows of each different color of the embedded light sources are shown, the imaging structure can be implemented with any number of additional embedded light sources along an X and/or Y axis of the 2D imaging structure array. In embodiments, the scan speed of the scanning system can be approximately doubled utilizing the multiple rows configuration of the embedded light sources. Alternatively, rather than increasing the scan speed, the multiple rows configuration of the embedded light sources can be implemented to reduce the heat load on a single emitter in the imaging structure, thereby increasing its efficiency and luminous output.

Another example imaging structure 210 has two rows of embedded light sources (e.g., LEDs or lasers as direct emitters). The imaging structure includes a first row (e.g., a single, full-resolution row) of green embedded light sources 212, and includes a second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources 214. In a scanning system, such as an LED scanning engine, the green embedded light sources 212 are a green channel that provides the luminance data for an image and the alternating red and blue embedded light sources 214 are a red/blue channel that provides the chroma data for the image. This 2D imaging structure array is smaller and reduces the complexity of the optical and electrical system for implementation in a wearable display device to display a virtual image. Rather than a conventional LED scanning display system that uses a single row for each RGB color, the imaging structure 210 can be utilized to generate an image for display with full resolution on the green channel and reduced resolution on the blue and red channels.

Another example imaging structure 216 includes a staggered configuration of the embedded light sources (e.g., iLEDs or lasers as direct emitters). Rather than a conventional single row 218 of embedded light sources for RGB colors, a staggered configuration 220 of the embedded light sources for the RGB colors is formed in the imaging structure. The staggered rows of the direct emitters reduce the overall row length of the scanning system display, and the reduced length of the display results in a smaller optical system. The staggered row configuration can be implemented to approximately halve the overall length of the scanning system display, yet maintain image resolution. The modulation of the staggered configuration rows can be properly timed with the mirror motion to obtain a single row on the displayed image. Control electronics and/or an imaging control application can be implemented to control the modulation timing.

As noted throughout, any of the described imaging structures can be implemented with laser diodes that form a linear, imaging structure array in a scanning system. The laser diodes can be individual components and/or formed as an array on the same substrate. The laser diodes may also be implemented as an array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The array of direct emitters (e.g., laser diodes or VCSELs) are then individually modulated as the scanning mirror sweeps through the display field of view. Laser diodes have the advantages of smaller optics and smaller pitch, and may have a higher efficiency through the optics than the LEDs. The laser diodes can also be designed to have much higher overall light output than the LEDs, which may be limited by their current densities, at which point the amount of light emitted starts to level off as more electrical power is applied. Additionally, the laser diodes can be modulated faster than the LEDs, and may be implemented when using a resonance scanning mirror and large sweep angles.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example system 300 in which various embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations can be implemented. An example wearable display device 302 includes left and right display lens systems, such as display lens systems 304 that are viewed from a perspective 306 of the wearable display device, as if viewing the display lens systems from the top of the device. In embodiments, the display lens systems 304 can be implemented as left and right display lens systems of the wearable display device described with reference to FIG. 4. A wearable display device can be implemented as any type of glasses or head-mounted display (HMD) that includes implementations of the display lens systems 304 (e.g., left and right display lens systems) through which a user can view the surrounding environment, yet also see virtual images that are generated for display and appear as a part of the environment. References to a left imaging system and a right imaging system, as described herein, correlate to a user's left and right eyes (e.g., from the perspective of wearing and looking through the wearable display device). Alternatively, the left and right imaging systems may be described from the perspective of looking at the wearable display device.

The display lens systems 304 include a display optic 308, such as a see-through and reflecting waveguide, through which light 310 of an image (e.g., an image of the environment as viewed through the wearable display device) is projected for viewing. In this example, the display lens systems 304 also include an imaging unit 312, which can be implemented with any number of micro display panels, imaging structures with direct emitters, lenses, and reflecting elements to display and project a virtual image into a see-through and reflecting waveguide. The see-through, reflecting waveguide (i.e., the display optic 308) is implemented for internal reflection and conducts visible light of a virtual image that is generated by the imaging unit 312 for viewing by a user, and also passes through the light 310 from the surrounding environment for viewing by the user. A display lens system 304 with an imaging unit can also be implemented with components of the display lens system described with reference to FIG. 4 to implement embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations.

In embodiments, the imaging units 312 of the display lens systems 304 each include a printed circuit board 314 that incorporates an embodiment of an imaging structure 316. The imaging structures 316 can be implemented as any of the example imaging structures described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, the imaging structure 316 may be implemented in any configuration of an imaging structures having multiple rows of the embedded light sources, such as the imaging structure 202 with two rows each of green, red, and blue embedded light sources; the imaging structure 210 with a first row of green embedded light sources, and a second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources; or the imaging structure 216 with a first set of the embedded light sources (e.g., in a first row) offset from a second set of the embedded light sources (e.g., in a second row).

An imaging structure 316 includes the embedded light sources that emit light, which is reflected by a reflecting mirror 318 onto a MEMS scanning mirror 320 that is also incorporated with the printed circuit board 314. The imaged light is then directed by the scanning mirror through an imaging optic 322 that directs the light into the see-through, reflecting waveguide (i.e., the display optic 308). The MEMS scanning mirror (e.g., or other electrically alterable mirror), or an LC steering solution, can be implemented with line scanning techniques or full X, Y LED array light source configurations, which can be used to avoid long and/or narrow arrays of LED material, allow larger resolutions, and can be used with eye-tracking projection solutions.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example system 400 that includes an example wearable display device 402 in which embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations can be implemented. The wearable display device can be implemented as any type of glasses or head-mounted display (HMD) that includes display lens systems 404 (e.g., left and right display lens systems) through which a user can view the surrounding environment, yet also see virtual images (e.g., any type of object, video, text, graphic, and the like) that are generated for display and appear as a part of the environment.

The wearable display device 402 can be implemented as an independent, portable system that includes memory, software, a processor, and/or a power source. Alternatively or in addition, the wearable display device may be communicatively linked to a controller 406 that includes any one or combination of the memory, software, processor, and/or power source, such as a battery unit. The controller can be implemented for wired or wireless communication with the wearable display device. The controller and/or the wearable display device can also be implemented with any number and combination of differing components as further described with reference to the example device shown in FIG. 6. For example, the controller and/or the wearable display device includes an imaging application implemented as computer-executable instructions, such as a software application, and executed by a processor to implement embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations as described herein.

In embodiments, the controller may be implemented as a dedicated device (e.g., the wired controller 406), as a mobile phone 408, a tablet or other portable computer device, a gaming system 410, or as any other type of electronic device that can be implemented to process and generate virtual images for display as part of the environment that is viewed through the display lens system of the wearable display device. The controller may communicate with the wearable display device wirelessly via WiFi™, Bluetooth™, infrared (IR), RFID transmission, wireless Universal Serial Bus (WUSB), cellular, or via other wireless communication techniques.

The example system 400 also includes a data server 412, or data service, that communicates, or otherwise distributes, virtual image data 414 to the wearable display device 402 via a communication network 416. For example, the data server may be part of a network-based gaming system that generates virtual images for augmented reality display at the wearable display device. Alternatively, the data server may be part of a navigation system that communicates navigation directions and information for display in the display lens systems 404 of the wearable display device. In another example, the data server may be part of a messaging service, such as an e-mail or text messaging system, that communicates e-mail and/or text messages to the wearable display device for display in the display lens systems, where a user can read a message as an augmented reality image that is displayed over the environment viewed through the wearable display device.

Any of the devices, servers, and/or services can communicate via the communication network 416, which may be implemented to include wired and/or wireless networks. The communication network can also be implemented using any type of network topology and/or communication protocol, and can be represented or otherwise implemented as a combination of two or more networks, to include IP-based networks and/or the Internet. The communication network may also include mobile operator networks that are managed by mobile operators, such as a communication service provider, cell-phone provider, and/or Internet service provider.

The wearable display device 402 includes a frame 418, such as in the form of glasses, goggles, or any other structure, that supports and incorporates the various components of the device, as well as serves as a conduit for electrical and other component connections. A components module 420 (or components modules on the left, right, and/or both sides of the device frame) incorporates any of the various components, such as processing and control circuitry, memory, software, a processor, GPS transceiver, and/or power source. The wearable display device may also include a microphone 422 to record audio data from the surrounding environment, as well as ear phones for audio feedback as part of an augmented reality experience.

The wearable display device 402 also includes various cameras 424 that capture video and still images of the surrounding environment. The image and video data can be processed on the device and/or by a controller device (e.g., controller 406), and used to create a mapping field to orient and track a user in the environment space. The wearable display device can also include eye tracking cameras used to determine a user's eyeball location and track eye movements. The wearable display device may also include a temperature sensor, as well as inertial sensors and/or attitude sensors, including MEMS gyros, magnetic sensors (e.g., a compass), and acceleration sensors for sensing position, orientation, and acceleration of the wearable display device.

An example of one display lens system 404 is shown from a viewer perspective 426 of the wearable display device 402, as if viewing the display lens system from the top of the device. The display lens system includes an imaging system 428, which can be implemented with any number of micro display panels, lenses, and reflecting elements to display and project a virtual image into a see-through and reflecting waveguide 430. A display lens system 404 can also be implemented as the imaging units described with reference to FIG. 3 to implement embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations. The see-through, reflecting waveguide 430 is implemented for internal reflection and conducts the visible light 432 of a virtual image that is generated by the imaging unit for viewing by a user, and also passes through the light 434 from the surrounding environment for viewing by the user.

The micro display panels, lenses, and/or reflecting elements of the imaging system 428 can be implemented with various display technologies, such as implemented with a transparent LCD, or using a transmissive projection technology where the light source is modulated by optically active material, backlit with white light. These technologies can be implemented using LCD type displays with powerful backlights and high optical energy densities. Alternatively, a micro display and/or reflecting element can be implemented using a reflective technology, such as digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), that reflects external light, which is reflected and modulated by an optical material.

In embodiments, the imaging system 428 (or other components of a display lens system 404) can be implemented to include an infra-red (IR) laser utilized for system calibrations and/or as an illumination source for an eye-tracking system and camera that tracks the position of a user's eyes. The eye-tracking system includes the eye-tracking illumination source, which is not a visible light, and includes an eye-tracking IR sensor. In implementations that include color conversion, the illumination source can be implemented as UV or blue iLED arrays that emit the IR light, which may be emitted from one or more of the pixels. The IR sensor can be implemented as an IR camera that provides infrared image data of the eye for eye-tracking processing, or an IR sensor that detects eye reflections when the eye is illuminated. Alternatively or in addition, sensors can be implemented in the CMOS driver array to detect the feedback. In implementations, the light reflections (e.g., the IR return) may be directed with SBG or SRB methods. The see-through and reflecting waveguide 430 can also be utilized for the infrared illumination, and for eyeball reflections that the eye-tracking system uses to track the position of the user's eyes.

In this example, the display lens systems 404 include an optional opacity filter 436, and a see-through lens 438 on each side of the waveguide 430. The see-through lenses can be standard eye-glass lenses and made to prescription (or no prescription). The opacity filter selectively blocks natural light, either uniformly or on a per-pixel basis, from passing through the see-through and reflecting waveguide to enhance the contrast of a displayed virtual image.

Example method 500 is described with reference to FIG. 5 in accordance with one or more embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations. Generally, any of the services, functions, methods, procedures, components, and modules described herein can be implemented using software, firmware, hardware (e.g., fixed logic circuitry), manual processing, or any combination thereof. A software implementation represents program code that performs specified tasks when executed by a computer processor. The example methods may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, which can include software, applications, routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, functions, and the like. The program code can be stored in one or more computer-readable storage media devices, both local and/or remote to a computer processor. The methods may also be practiced in a distributed computing environment by multiple computer devices. Further, the features described herein are platform-independent and can be implemented on a variety of computing platforms having a variety of processors.

FIG. 5 illustrates example method(s) 500 of imaging structure emitter configurations. The order in which the method blocks are described are not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement a method, or an alternate method.

At block 502, a silicon backplane is formed with a driver pad array that individually controls embedded light sources. For example, the imaging structure 102 (FIG. 1) is formed with the silicon backplane layer 106 and the driver pad array 108, via which the embedded light sources can be individually controlled.

At block 504, the embedded light sources are formed as direct emitters on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer. For example, the imaging structure 102 includes the emitter material layer 110 (e.g., inorganic material) in which the embedded light sources are formed as lasers or LEDs for direct light emission. The embedded light sources can be formed as individual emitters in the emitter material layer. In embodiments, the embedded light sources include red, green, and blue (RGB) direct emitters that form the imaging structure with multiple rows (e.g., as a two-dimensional or multi-dimensional array) of the embedded light sources.

At block 506, a conductive material layer is formed over the embedded light sources. For example, the imaging structure 102 includes the conductive material layer 112 and the p-n junction 118 is formed between the emitter material layer 110 and the conductive material layer, where one of the emitter material layer or the conductive material layer is a p-type semiconductor and the other is an n-type semiconductor.

At block 508, the embedded light sources are configured in multiple rows for scanning by an imaging unit to generate a scanned image for display. For example, the imaging structure 202 (FIG. 2) includes multiple rows of the embedded light sources configured in two rows of green embedded light sources 204, two rows of blue embedded light sources 206, and two rows of red embedded light sources 208. The two rows of the green, red, and blue embedded light sources provide for increased scanning speed of an imaging unit 312 (FIG. 3), or for decreased heat generation of a direct emitter in the imaging structure. Alternatively, the imaging structure 210 includes multiple rows of the embedded light sources configured in a first row of green embedded light sources 212, and a second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources 214. The green embedded light sources generate the luminance data for the scanned image, and the alternating red and blue embedded light sources generate the chroma data for the scanned image. Alternatively, the imaging structure 216 includes multiple rows of the embedded light sources as a first set of the embedded light sources (e.g., in a first row) offset from a second set of the embedded light sources (e.g., in a second row).

FIG. 6 illustrates various components of an example device 600 that can be implemented as any of the devices described with reference to the previous FIGS. 1-5, such as a wearable display device and/or a controller for a wearable display device. In embodiments, the device may be implemented as any one or combination of a fixed or mobile device, in any form of a consumer, computer, portable, communication, phone, navigation, appliance, gaming, media playback, and/or electronic device. The device may also be associated with a user (i.e., a person) and/or an entity that operates the device such that a device describes logical devices that include users, software, firmware, hardware, and/or a combination of devices.

The device 600 includes communication devices 602 that enable wired and/or wireless communication of device data 604, such as virtual image data, as well as video and images data, and other media content stored on the device. The media content stored on the device can include any type of audio, video, and/or image data. The device includes one or more data inputs 606 via which any type of data, media content, and/or inputs can be received, such as user-selectable inputs and any other type of audio, video, and/or image data received from any content and/or data source.

The device 600 also includes communication interfaces 608, such as any one or more of a serial, parallel, network, or wireless interface. The communication interfaces provide a connection and/or communication links between the device and a communication network by which other electronic, computing, and communication devices communicate data with the device.

The device 600 includes one or more processors 610 (e.g., any of microprocessors, controllers, and the like) or a processor and memory system (e.g., implemented in an SoC), which process computer-executable instructions to control the operation of the device. Alternatively or in addition, the device can be implemented with any one or combination of software, hardware, firmware, or fixed logic circuitry that is implemented in connection with processing and control circuits which are generally identified at 612. Although not shown, the device can include a system bus or data transfer system that couples the various components within the device. A system bus can include any one or combination of different bus structures, such as a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a universal serial bus, and/or a processor or local bus that utilizes any of a variety of bus architectures.

The device 600 also includes one or more memory devices 614 (e.g., computer-readable storage media) that enable data storage, such as random access memory (RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.), and a disk storage device. A disk storage device may be implemented as any type of magnetic or optical storage device, such as a hard disk drive, a recordable and/or rewriteable disc, and the like. The device may also include a mass storage media device. Computer-readable storage media can be any available medium or media that is accessed by a computing device.

A memory device 614 provides data storage mechanisms to store the device data 604, other types of information and/or data, and device applications 616. For example, an operating system 618 can be maintained as a software application with the memory device and executed on the processors. The device applications may also include a device manager or controller, such as any form of a control application, software application, signal processing and control module, code that is native to a particular device, a hardware abstraction layer for a particular device, and so on. In this example, the device applications also include an imaging application 620 that may implement embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations as described herein.

The device 600 may also include an audio and/or video processing system 622 that generates audio data for an audio system 624 and/or generates display data for a display system 626. In implementations, the audio system and/or the display system are external components to the device. Alternatively, the audio system and/or the display system are integrated components of the example device.

Although embodiments of imaging structure emitter configurations have been described in language specific to features and/or methods, the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or methods described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as example implementations of imaging structure emitter configurations. 

1. An imaging structure, comprising: a silicon backplane with a driver pad array; embedded light sources formed on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer, the embedded light sources configured as direct emitters for individual control at the driver pad array to generate and emit light, the emitter material layer including a pyramid or cylindrical structure to improve optical extraction of the emitted light; and multiple rows of the embedded light sources configured for scanning by an imaging unit to generate a scanned image for display.
 2. An imaging structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple rows of the embedded light sources are configured in: two rows of the embedded light sources of a first color; two rows of the embedded light sources of a second color; and two rows of the embedded light sources of a third color.
 3. An imaging structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the embedded light sources of the first, second, and third colors are configured for increased scanning speed of the imaging unit.
 4. An imaging structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the embedded light sources of the first, second, and third colors are configured for decreased heat generation of a direct emitter in the imaging structure.
 5. An imaging structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple rows of the embedded light sources are configured in: a first row of the embedded light sources of a first color; and a second row of the embedded light sources alternating a second color and a third color.
 6. An imaging structure as recited in claim 5, wherein: the embedded light sources of the first color generate the luminance data for the scanned image; and the embedded light sources of the alternating second and third colors generate the chroma data for the scanned image.
 7. An imaging structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple rows of the embedded light sources include a first set of the embedded light sources offset from a second set of the embedded light sources.
 8. An imaging structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the embedded light sources are formed in inorganic material as one of lasers or LEDs for direct light emission.
 9. A method, comprising: forming a silicon backplane with a driver pad array that individually controls embedded light sources; forming the embedded light sources as direct emitters on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer, the emitter material layer including a pyramid or cylindrical structure to improve optical extraction of emitted light; forming a conductive material layer over the embedded light sources; and configuring the embedded light sources in multiple rows for scanning by an imaging unit to generate a scanned image for display, the embedded light sources configured in a first row of the embedded light sources of a first color and a second row of the embedded light sources alternating a second color and a third color.
 10. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the embedded light sources are configured in the first row of green embedded light sources and the second row of alternating red and blue embedded light sources.
 11. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the embedded light sources are configured in the multiple rows for one of: increased scanning speed of the imaging unit; or decreased heat generation of a direct emitter in the imaging structure.
 12. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the first color is green embedded light sources and the alternating second and third colors are red and blue embedded light sources.
 13. A method as recited in claim 12, wherein: the embedded light sources of the first color generate the luminance data for the scanned image; and the embedded light sources of the alternating second and third colors generate the chroma data for the scanned image.
 14. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the multiple rows of the embedded light sources include a first set of the embedded light sources offset from a second set of the embedded light sources.
 15. A method as recited in claim 9, wherein the embedded light sources are formed in inorganic material as one of lasers or LEDs for direct light emission.
 16. A wearable display device, comprising: left and right display lens systems configured for augmented reality imaging; left and right imaging units of the respective left and right display lens systems configured to generate an augmented reality image; each of the left and right imaging units including an imaging structure that comprises: a silicon backplane with a driver pad array configured to individually control embedded light sources that are formed as direct emitters on the driver pad array in an emitter material layer; and multiple rows of the embedded light sources configured for scanning to generate a scanned image for display, the multiple rows of the embedded light sources including a first row of the embedded light sources of a first color and a second row of the embedded light sources alternating a second color and a third color.
 17. A wearable display device as recited in claim 16, wherein the emitter material layer includes a pyramid or cylindrical structure to improve optical extraction of the emitted light.
 18. A wearable display device as recited in claim 16, wherein the imaging structure includes a conductive material layer formed over the embedded light sources with a rough surface effective to allow more light emission out from the emitter material layer rather than be reflected or dispersed.
 19. A wearable display device as recited in claim 16, wherein the imaging structure includes a mirror that performs the scanning of the multiple rows of the embedded light sources in one dimension to generate the scanned image for display.
 20. A wearable display device as recited in claim 16, wherein the embedded light sources are formed in inorganic material as one of lasers or LEDs for direct light emission. 